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Natalia Kurhaluk Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk , Słupsk, Poland Correspondence: N. Kurhaluk,Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego Str., 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland. E-mail:natalia.kurhaluk@upsl.edu.pl. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
Nutrition Reviews, Volume 82, Issue 9, September 2024, Pages 1239–1259, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad131
Published:
31 October 2023
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Natalia Kurhaluk, Supplementation with l-arginine and nitrates vs age and individual physiological reactivity, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 82, Issue 9, September 2024, Pages 1239–1259, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad131
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Abstract
Ageing is a natural ontogenetic phenomenon that entails a decrease in the adaptive capacity of the organism, as a result of which the body becomes less adaptable to stressful conditions. Nitrate and nitrite enter the body from exogenous sources and from nitrification of ammonia nitrogen by intestinal microorganisms. This review considers the mechanisms of action of l-arginine, a known inducer of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and nitrates as supplements in the processes of ageing and aggravated stress states, in which mechanisms of individual physiological reactivity play an important role. This approach can be used as an element of individual therapy or prevention of premature ageing processes depending on the different levels of initial reactivity of the functional systems. A search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (n = 181 articles) and the author’s own research (n = 4) up to May 5, 2023. The review presents analyses of data on targeted treatment of NO generation by supplementation with l-arginine or nitrates, which is a promising means for prevention of hypoxic conditions frequently accompanying pathological processes in an ageing organism. The review clarifies the role of the individual state of physiological reactivity, using the example of individuals with a high predominance of cholinergic regulatory mechanisms who already have a significant reserve of adaptive capacity. In studies of the predominance of adrenergic influences, a poorly trained organism as well as an elderly organism correspond to low resistance, which is an additional factor of damage at increased energy expenditure.
Conclusion
It is suggested that the role of NO synthesis from supplementation of dietary nitrates and nitrites increases with age rather than from oxygen-dependent biosynthetic reactions from l-arginine supplementation.
ageing, age-related pathologies, nitrate- or nitrite-reducing system, nutrition, resistance to hypoxia, stress condition
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)
Topic:
- aging
- nitrate
- nitric oxide
- oxygen
- hypoxia
- arginine
- diet
- nitrites
- stress
- older adult
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